Commodities are broadly classified into two main categories:

1. Hard Commodities
   These are natural resources that are mined or extracted, such as:

   • Crude oil

   • Gold and silver

   • Natural gas

   • Industrial metals (Copper, Zinc, etc.)

     
     

2. Soft Commodities
   These are agricultural products or livestock, including:

   • Wheat

   • Coffee

   • Sugar

   • Cotton

   • Soybeans

How is Commodity Trading Done?

Commodity trading happens primarily through futures contracts on regulated exchanges like:

• MCX (Multi Commodity Exchange) – India

• NCDEX (National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange) – India

• CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) – Global

A futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a predetermined price on a future date.

Why Do People Trade Commodities?

1. Hedging:
Producers and consumers (like farmers or airlines) use commodity futures to lock in prices and reduce the risk of price fluctuations.

2. Speculation:
Traders and investors aim to profit from price movements based on supply-demand dynamics, geopolitical risks, or weather patterns.

3. Diversification:
Commodities often behave differently from stocks and bonds, offering a way to diversify your portfolio.

 Factors Influencing Commodity Prices

• Weather conditions (especially for agricultural commodities)

• Geopolitical tensions (affecting oil and gas)

• Global demand and supply

• Government policies and subsidies

• Currency movements (since commodities are often priced in USD)

Risks Involved

Like any financial market, commodity trading comes with risks:

• High volatility

• Leverage-related losses

• Global uncertainty

• Storage and perishability (for physical delivery)